How Did The Universe Begin?

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Researched and Written by Leila Battison

Narrated and Edited by David Kelly

Animations by Jero Squartini https://www.fiverr.com/share/0v7Kjv

Thumbnail art by Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en

Art by Joseph Ioseliani

Sound Editing by Jack White

If you like our videos, check out Leila's Youtube channel:

https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UCXIk7euOGq6jkptjT

Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist
Stock footage from Videoblocks and Artgrid
Galaxies, space videos from NASA and ESO

Image Credits:

UY Scuti By ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2 - DSS2: http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/AladinLite/?target=V*%20UY%20Sct&fov=0.033334&survey=P%2fDSS2%2fcolor, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=94

Peter Higgs By Bengt Nyman - Flickr: IMG_7516, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=30

Particle collision By Brookhaven National Laboratory - https://www.flickr.com/photos/....11304375@N07/6799740 CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/....w/index.php?curid=44

Cloud Chamber by Stephen Curry, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

REFERENCES:

https://www.scientificamerican.....com/article/the-fir
https://www.mpg.de/13392365/fi....rst-astrophysical-de
https://www.cbc.ca/news/scienc....e/big-bang-molecule-
https://www.sci.news/astronomy..../amino-acid-formatio
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bo....okshelves/Physical_a
https://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/BBhistory.html
https://www.britannica.com/sci....ence/electroweak-the
http://sciexplorer.blogspot.co....m/2011/01/our-univer
https://www.polytechnique-insi....ghts.com/en/braincam
https://science.nasa.gov/ems/02_anatomy
https://www.theguardian.com/en....vironment/2022/dec/1
https://science.nasa.gov/astro....physics/focus-areas/
https://www.space.com/james-we....bb-space-telescope-s
https://www.sciencenews.org/ar....ticle/proton-mass-qu
https://astro.ucla.edu/~wright..../Lyman-alpha-forest.
https://www.quantamagazine.org..../big-bounce-simulati
https://www.astro.umd.edu/~miller/nstar.html
https://hps.org/publicinformat....ion/ate/faqs/faqradb
https://www.sciencefocus.com/s....cience/what-holds-to
https://blogs.scientificameric....an.com/degrees-of-fr
https://gizmodo.com/if-you-fol....d-a-paper-in-half-10
https://bigthink.com/starts-wi....th-a-bang/universe-s
https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022....-03-31-nature-prefer
https://www-project.slac.stanf....ord.edu/e158/parityv
https://www.britannica.com/sci....ence/physical-consta
https://physicstoday.scitation.....org/do/10.1063/pt.5
https://depts.washington.edu/i....mreslab/education/Ph
https://www.forbes.com/sites/s....tartswithabang/2019/
http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.g....su.edu/hbase/Astro/s
https://news.mit.edu/2016/ligo....-first-detection-gra
https://academic.oup.com/mnras..../article/152/1/75/26
https://www.theguardian.com/en....vironment/2022/dec/1
https://www.physics.unlv.edu/~....jeffery/astro/cosmol
https://www.aps.org/programs/h....onors/history/histor
https://darkcosmos.com/home/f/....baryon-acoustic-osci
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02603-7
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.00013.pdf

00:00 Introduction
05:44 1. The Planck Era: First Ten-Tredecillionth Of A Second
18:51 2. Grand Unification: First Undecillionth of A Second
26:56 3. Inflation: First Picosecond
41:43 4. The Higgs and Mass: First Billionth of a Second
56:06 5. Fine Tuning, Protons, Neutrons and Antimatter: First Millionth of a Second
1:13:23 6. Neutrinos and Primordial Black Holes: First Second
1:31:59 7. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: First Minute
1:44:12 8. The First Molecule: First 100,000 Years
1:54:59 9. First Atoms, First Light: First 380,000 Years
2:10:23 10: Dark Matter and Dark Energy: First Million Years